A. Kahraman*, A.A. Kharazi, M. Umrani Center for Gear Research, Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Mail Stop 312, Nitschke Hall 4045, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA Received 11 March 2002; accepted 26 October 2002 ۱٫ Introduction Planetary gear sets are used commonly by automotive and aerospace industries. Typical applications include […]